"Justice is the first virtue of those who command, and stops the complaints of those who obey"
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Power doesn not earn legitimacy by existing; it earns it by behaving. Diderot frames justice less as a halo and more as infrastructure: the first virtue of those who command because it is the only trait that can hold authority together without constant coercion. The line is slyly transactional. Justice is not praised as moral decoration but as the cheapest, most durable form of social peace. When rulers are fair, the governed complain less - not because dissent has been crushed, but because grievance has less to feed on.
The subtext has teeth. Diderot is writing from within an Enlightenment world where monarchs and ministers still claim divine right while salons and encyclopedists are busy inventing the modern idea of accountability. Calling justice the "first virtue" quietly demotes other aristocratic virtues - honor, glory, piety - to second-tier luxuries. It also challenges the paternalistic fantasy that obedience is a natural posture. People obey provisionally; they tolerate command when the rules feel consistent, proportionate, and applied without favoritism.
The second clause is almost a warning disguised as advice. Complaints are treated like a political barometer: persistent noise from below is evidence of injustice above. For an editor-philosopher who helped curate the Encyclopedie - a machine for circulating reason against inherited authority - that framing matters. He is arguing that stable order is not achieved by silencing subjects but by giving them fewer reasons to speak up in the first place. Justice, here, is both ethics and strategy.
The subtext has teeth. Diderot is writing from within an Enlightenment world where monarchs and ministers still claim divine right while salons and encyclopedists are busy inventing the modern idea of accountability. Calling justice the "first virtue" quietly demotes other aristocratic virtues - honor, glory, piety - to second-tier luxuries. It also challenges the paternalistic fantasy that obedience is a natural posture. People obey provisionally; they tolerate command when the rules feel consistent, proportionate, and applied without favoritism.
The second clause is almost a warning disguised as advice. Complaints are treated like a political barometer: persistent noise from below is evidence of injustice above. For an editor-philosopher who helped curate the Encyclopedie - a machine for circulating reason against inherited authority - that framing matters. He is arguing that stable order is not achieved by silencing subjects but by giving them fewer reasons to speak up in the first place. Justice, here, is both ethics and strategy.
Quote Details
| Topic | Justice |
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