"Mathematics as an expression of the human mind reflects the active will, the contemplative reason, and the desire for aesthetic perfection. Its basic elements are logic and intuition, analysis and construction, generality and individuality"
About this Quote
Courant pitches mathematics as temperament, not just technique: a place where willpower and daydreaming coexist. Coming from a mathematician who helped shape modern analysis and mathematical physics, the line reads like a manifesto against the stereotype of math as cold bureaucracy. He insists it’s a full-bodied human activity, driven as much by appetite and taste as by correctness.
The paired terms do the real work. “Active will” hints at the stubbornness behind proofs and the audacity to define new objects; “contemplative reason” restores the quieter side, the long stare at a structure until it yields. Courant’s subtext is that mathematical progress isn’t a conveyor belt of deductions. It’s an uneasy collaboration between discipline and imagination, the part of the mind that checks every step and the part that leaps.
When he calls out “aesthetic perfection,” he’s also making a cultural claim: beauty is not an indulgent aftertaste but a selection principle. Mathematicians choose definitions, proofs, and even entire research programs partly because they feel inevitable, elegant, economical. That’s why he balances “analysis and construction”: understanding isn’t complete until you can build, not merely dissect. And “generality and individuality” pushes back on both extremes - the urge to universalize everything, and the equally human need for a singular example that crackles with insight.
Context matters: Courant worked amid the 20th century’s upheavals, including the migration of European intellectual life. His framing defends mathematics as a humanistic craft, not an abstract machine detached from the world.
The paired terms do the real work. “Active will” hints at the stubbornness behind proofs and the audacity to define new objects; “contemplative reason” restores the quieter side, the long stare at a structure until it yields. Courant’s subtext is that mathematical progress isn’t a conveyor belt of deductions. It’s an uneasy collaboration between discipline and imagination, the part of the mind that checks every step and the part that leaps.
When he calls out “aesthetic perfection,” he’s also making a cultural claim: beauty is not an indulgent aftertaste but a selection principle. Mathematicians choose definitions, proofs, and even entire research programs partly because they feel inevitable, elegant, economical. That’s why he balances “analysis and construction”: understanding isn’t complete until you can build, not merely dissect. And “generality and individuality” pushes back on both extremes - the urge to universalize everything, and the equally human need for a singular example that crackles with insight.
Context matters: Courant worked amid the 20th century’s upheavals, including the migration of European intellectual life. His framing defends mathematics as a humanistic craft, not an abstract machine detached from the world.
Quote Details
| Topic | Reason & Logic |
|---|---|
| Source | Richard Courant, What Is Mathematics? An Elementary Approach to Ideas and Methods (with Herbert Robbins) — passage from the book's introduction/preface describing mathematics as reflecting will, reason, and aesthetic desire. |
More Quotes by Richard
Add to List






