"So that godly sorrow may be discerned by this train of graces wherewith it is accompanied, that worldly sorrow wants, at least in the truth of them, though it may have some shadows of them"

Thomas Hooker presents a nuanced reflection on the nature of sorrow, distinguishing between what he calls "godly sorrow" and "worldly sorrow". He suggests that godly sorrow is always accompanied by a particular "train of graces", a succession of virtues or spiritual qualities such as humility, repentance, hope, or love for God. These graces collectively serve as evidence or marks by which genuine, spiritually healthy sorrow is recognized or "discerned" in the inner life of a person. Godly sorrow, while painful, is fruitful, it brings about positive spiritual transformation because it occurs in the context of a sincere relationship with God. The individual experiences not just regret for wrongdoing, but sorrow that leads to growth and restoration, marked by a constellation of inner virtues.

By contrast, Hooker argues that "worldly sorrow" lacks this authentic "train of graces". While it may appear to share some outward similarities, perhaps producing regret, tears, or displays of remorse, these are only "shadows" of the true qualities found in godly sorrow and not their substantial reality. Worldly sorrow is essentially rooted in self-interest or mere disappointment over the consequences of one’s actions, such as lost reputation, missed opportunities, or personal discomfort. It does not turn the heart toward God or result in transformation; instead, it remains superficial and unproductive, even if it mimics the emotions associated with true repentance.

Hooker's reflection leads to an important spiritual distinction: the difference between surface-level emotional responses and a deeper, grace-enabled sorrow that fosters genuine change. He encourages careful self-examination to discern which kind of sorrow is at work, using the presence or absence of these spiritual graces as the criterion. True sorrow for sin will bear spiritual fruit and align the soul closer to divine purposes, while false sorrow will ultimately be empty of such lasting results.