"There is no instance of a nation benefitting from prolonged warfare"

Sun Tzu’s assertion that no nation has ever truly benefited from prolonged warfare encapsulates a profound strategic principle grounded in the harsh realities of conflict. War, by its nature, demands vast expenditures of resources, both material and human. As a war drags on, the costs invariably multiply, soldiers are lost or incapacitated, economies are strained under mounting expenses, agriculture and industry suffer interruptions, and the social fabric is often frayed by the burdens placed on citizens. Even victories in such protracted wars frequently come at such a high price that the nation’s strength is sapped, its prosperity diminished, and its position in the world weakened rather than enhanced.

While short, decisive campaigns may bring about strategic gains, warfare that devolves into drawn-out attrition commonly erodes morale and undermines public support. National unity can disintegrate as hardships mount and hopes for swift resolution fade. Political divisions may intensify, governance becomes more difficult, and dissatisfaction festers among the populace. These internal costs may be as damaging as any suffered on the battlefield. Furthermore, the uncertainty and instability born of long wars expose nations to vulnerabilities, as rivals and opportunists may exploit their distractions or momentary weakness.

Another consequence lies in the moral and psychological sphere. Enduring wars profoundly impact the collective psyche of a nation, creating trauma, fostering cycles of violence, and at times breeding resentment or hatred that endures long after peace is declared. Even the victors may find themselves haunted by the devastation and sacrifice required for victory, while the losers may nurture grievances that jeopardize future peace and reconciliation.

Sun Tzu’s observation reflects a pragmatic and deeply humane skepticism about the wisdom of seeking advantage through drawn-out conflicts, urging leaders to pursue swift, effective resolutions and to recognize that the true costs of prolonged war ultimately outweigh any fleeting gains it might appear to offer.