"To deal with the true causes of war one must begin by recognizing as of prime relevancy to the solution of the problem the familiar fact that civilization is a partial, incomplete, and, to a great extent, superficial modification of barbarism"

Elihu Root's quote offers a profound commentary on the nature of war and civilization. Root suggests that in order to attend to the origin of war, one must initially acknowledge a fundamental truth about human society: civilization itself is an insufficient change of our more barbaric origins. This statement suggests that below the surface area of modern societies-- identified by advances in innovation, art, governance, and social structures-- lies a persistent undercurrent of primitive instincts and behaviors that predate civilized standards.

By explaining civilization as a "partial, incomplete, and to a fantastic degree, shallow modification of barbarism", Root argues that our so-called development is not as comprehensive as we may think. The veneer of civilization can easily be peeled away, exposing the primal impulses that continue to drive human behavior. These impulses often manifest in territoriality, competition for resources, and power struggles-- elements traditionally connected to the causes of war.

Therefore, Root's point of view suggests that to truly attend to the causes of war, society must do more than develop laws, treaties, or international organizations. Instead, we need to undertake a much deeper reflection on the inherent elements of humanity that incline us to dispute. This includes acknowledging and dealing with the hidden aggressiveness and fear that live in humankind, which can be exacerbated under specific situations despite the trappings of contemporary society.

Fundamental in his analysis is a call for a transformation not simply superficially, but at a more substantive level, cultivating compassion, cooperation, and understanding amongst countries and people. Such an approach would necessitate international dedication towards education, cultural exchange, and organizations that promote peace and dialogue on a much deeper level, consequently gradually altering the underlying barbaric tendencies into truly civilized behaviors conducive to sustaining peace.