Book: The Condition of the Working Class in England

Introduction
"The Condition of the Working Class in England" is an influential socio-political work composed by German philosopher Friedrich Engels in 1845. Drawing from his observations, experiences and research throughout his stay in England, Engels sought to shine a spotlight on the horrible conditions working individuals in commercial cities were subjected to. The work strongly shows Engels' belief that the roots of social issues lay in poverty and class oppression, and it had an extensive effect on the development of Marxism and the labor movement.

Living Conditions and Public Health
Among the key subjects attended to by Engels is the terrible living conditions experienced by the working class. He paints a bleak picture of overcrowded, unhygienic real estate, which frequently lacked correct sewage systems and access to clean water. The resulting public health problems were ravaging, with epidemics of cholera, tuberculosis, and other illness erasing great deals of people. In addition, the polluted air from factories and the unhygienic conditions likewise caused extensive breathing issues among the population.

Engels discusses the threatening link in between poverty and illness, arguing that a wide variety of diseases arise more often amongst the working class due to their alarming living conditions. He likewise mentions the stunning life expectancy rates for laborers, with numerous not anticipated to live past the age of 40.

Hardship, Exploitation, and Alienation
"The Condition of the Working Class in England" highlights the exploitation and mistreatment employees faced under industrialism. Engels shows how capitalist factory owners deprived workers of fair wages by pitting them against one another, developing a consistent competitors for work that drove down wages throughout the board. The abject poverty experienced by these employees forced them to accept the harshest of working conditions and longest of hours, with many toiling from dawn up until dusk for mere survival.

The industrial landscape of 19th-century England was such that workers ended up being increasingly separated from the items of their labor, as individual jobs were broken down into smaller sized, repeated actions. This division of labor, Engels argues, caused the alienation of workers who could no longer see the significance or purpose of their work. It served only to deepen the chasm between the rich bourgeoisie and the impoverished working class, exacerbating class stress in the process.

Kid Labor and Women Workers
Another essential aspect of Engels' work is his attention to kid labor and females employees in the factories. He exposes the dreadful reality of children, in some cases as young as 5 or 6 years of ages, working long hours under precarious scenarios. Engels decries this exploitation of innocent lives for the sake of profit, with kids subjected to hazardous equipment, physical punishment, and a total denial of their right to education and a proper youth.

Females employees, too, faced abysmal conditions. Engels information the physical and psychological destruction that female laborers underwent, keeping in mind that they frequently worked equally long hours as men while still bearing the concern of domestic obligations. Yet their earnings were lower, their treatment worse, and their position in society more precarious.

Legacy and Conclusion
"The Condition of the Working Class in England" not only exposed the sorrowful conditions experienced by the city proletariat in the 19th century, but likewise set out the seeds for an extreme change of society through the development of Marxism and other socialist theories. Engels' work had a profound influence on later generations of labor activists and theorists, who sought to bring about meaningful modification for working people and bridge the ever-widening space between the rich and the poor.

In conclusion, Friedrich Engels' "The Condition of the Working Class in England" stays an essential historic document and social critique that supplies indispensable insights into the effects of industrial commercialism on the lives of countless laborers in 19th-century England. By depicting the depths of suffering and degradation dealt with by the working class, Engels made a significant contribution to the socio-political debates of his time and helped lead the way for the increase of the modern-day labor movement.