Arthur Augustus Calwell was an Australian politician and member of the Australian House of Representatives in the 32 years between 1940 and 1972. He was elected to the immigration minister in the government of Ben Chifley from 1945 to 1949 he was head of the Australian Labor Party from 1960 to 1967.
Calwell has also maintained the traditional policy of the Labor Party to deny state aid to private schools. Elections in 1963 won the Menzies ten seats in parliament from the Labor Party. Many thought that Calwell should retire after this election, but he was determined to continue to fight until he had recovered the seats they had lost. Calwell retired head of the Australian Labor Party in January 1967. He was succeeded in this position as the university-educated Gough Whitlam from the Australian middle class.
Calwell showed his vehement opposition to Australia's military involvement in the Vietnam War and he was against the introduction of compulsory military service to get enough troops to send to this war. He should have publicly stated that "a vote for Menzies is a blood vote". Unfortunately for Calwell, the war was initially very popular in Australia, and it remained so after Menzies retired fran his political positions in 1966. Australian Labor Party suffered a crushing defeat in the elections in 1966 and Menzies became his successor Harold Holt.
Calwell is also known to be the second victim of an attempted political assassination in Australia (the first being Prince Alfred in 1868). The 21 June 1966 was Calwell attend an anti-conscription demonstration at Mosman Town Hall in Sydney. When he left the meeting, and just when the car he was in was about to run out, was a 19-year-old student named Peter Kocan up to the passenger side of the car and fired a shot with a sawn-off rifle at Calwell at point blank range. Fortunately for Calwell, the car window closed and it changed the direction of the ball and therefore suffered Calwell only minor injuries in the face because of the broken glass. Calwell later visited Kocan assassin while he was hospitalized in a mental hospital, where he was imprisoned for ten years. Through a regular correspondence between the two Calwell encouraged to further his mental rehabilitation.
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Related authors: Ice T (Musician), Augustus (Royalty)
