"It is the State which educates its citizens in civic virtue, gives them a consciousness of their mission and welds them into unity"

Benito Mussolini’s words underscore a fundamental pillar of his political ideology: the role of the state in shaping its citizens. Mussolini, as a figurehead of Fascism in Italy, asserted that it is the responsibility of the state to educate its people, instilling civic virtues, conscientiousness, and a sense of purpose. Not only does the state shape the character of its citizens, but it also molds them into a collective entity unified in their goals and vision.

Civic virtue, for Mussolini, implied a moral code of conduct that holds the best interests of the community at heart. This moral compass steers citizens away from harmful individualism, promoting a shared responsibility towards societal well-being rather than isolated personal prosperity. It is the state's duty to inculcate this civic morality in its citizens, ensuring mutual respect, tolerance, and compassion.

Additionally, Mussolini stressed the importance of state-guided consciousness and mission. This essentially refers to a state-driven narrative that directs its citizens' actions and ideas, aligning them with the objectives of the ruling power. The “mission” he refers to could also be inherently political, aiming at the perpetuation of incumbency, or social, intending for the general advancement of society.

The unifying element in Mussolini's ideology emphasizes the creation of national solidarity. The notion is predicated on the belief that societal harmony is achieved through a collective identity that transcends individual differences. Unified populations are typically more resistant to divisive forces, whether internal disputes or external threats, aiding stability.

Mussolini’s underlying principle here is the supremacy and active involvement of the state in directing societal affairs. He conceptualizes the state as a proactive entity that intervenes in its citizens' lives, controlling education, guiding consciousness, and promoting unity. It should be noted, however, that these ideas are also critiqued for their potential to suppress individual freedoms and dissent, laying the groundwork for totalitarianism.

Mussolini's words offer an insight into the state-centric philosophy of the totalitarian regimes of the 20th century. While the state's role in directing society may be essential for civic virtue and unity, it also raises inevitable questions regarding personal freedoms, democracy, and diversity.