"Of all the varieties of virtues, liberalism is the most beloved"

Aristotle’s observation that liberalism is the most beloved among all varieties of virtues reveals much about his ethical philosophy and the broader human appreciation for generosity. The term “liberalism,” as used by Aristotle, refers to the virtue of liberality, generosity in the use of one's wealth or resources for the benefit of others, without excess or deficiency. For Aristotle, virtue always occupies a balanced middle ground between extremes; liberality is thus the mean between prodigality (excessive giving or wastefulness) and stinginess (insufficient giving).

The beloved nature of liberality stems from its direct positive impact on community life. Human societies thrive when individuals willingly share resources, support the less fortunate, and contribute to the common good. Unlike some virtues, whose benefits may be less immediately visible, such as temperance or prudence, liberality manifests in tangible acts of kindness, philanthropy, and social improvement. Those who are generous earn respect, gratitude, and affection from others, fostering trust and cohesion within a society. In this respect, liberality can be seen as a social glue that binds individuals together through acts of giving and compassion.

Additionally, Aristotle’s esteem for liberality suggests that the virtue generates reciprocal goodwill. When one witnesses another’s generosity, not only does the recipient benefit, but so do third parties, inspired by the good example or reassured by the presence of kindness in their community. Generosity has a ripple effect, encouraging virtuous cycles of giving.

Moreover, Aristotle situates virtues within the framework of living a flourishing life, eudaimonia, which encompasses both personal fulfillment and active participation in communal life. Liberality, providing both personal satisfaction and social benefit, embodies this dual purpose. Its beloved status arises not only from its intrinsic goodness but also from how it openly demonstrates the ideals of friendship, care for others, and civic responsibility. The widely cherished nature of liberality highlights the universal human longing for mutual support, justice, and compassion, values central to the ethical lives of individuals and communities alike.