"Quarreling over food and drink, having neither scruples nor shame, not knowing right from wrong, not trying to avoid death or injury, not fearful of greater strength or of greater numbers, greedily aware only of food and drink - such is the bravery of the dog and boar"

Xun Kuang, often known as Xunzi, was a popular Confucian thinker in ancient China, and his works have actually been prominent in the development of Chinese thought. The quote in question reflects Xunzi's disdain for a certain type of base, primal behavior that he considers not worthy of human beings. Through this imagery, Xunzi contrasts the virtuous, logical human qualities with the careless and spontaneous nature of certain animals.

The images of quarreling over food and drink stimulates a sense of chaos and lack of discipline. It recommends a situation where individuals are driven entirely by immediate gratification and primal impulses. In Xunzi's contrast, humans who behave in this way are likened to canines and boars, animals that normally act on impulse rather than reason.

The reference to having "neither scruples nor pity" highlights the absence of moral restraints and ethical considerations in this behavior. Scruples involve a sense of conscience, an awareness of right and wrong, while embarassment suggests a concern for social norms and opinions. For Xunzi, the lack of these qualities indicates a failure to take part in the reflective, ethical thinking that he believes is a trademark of human superiority.

Moreover, he criticizes the absence of discernment in "not knowing right from wrong" and "not trying to prevent death or injury". This suggests a critique of those who live recklessly, without regard for their long-term well-being or the consequences of their actions. Rather than exercising caution and knowledge, they act impulsively, comparable to animals, driven by a singular focus on satisfying instant desires.

In comparing bravery to that of a pet dog or boar, Xunzi mentions that real courage is not just a lack of fear but is directed by rational thought and ethical principles. Bravery rooted in mere lack of knowledge or desperation does not have the depth and value of bravery that stems from a thought about understanding of the world. For that reason, the passage calls for a cultivation of reason, self-discipline, and moral integrity as perfects for human habits, distinguishing people from animals.