"The constitution vests the power of declaring war in Congress; therefore no offensive expedition of importance can be undertaken until after they shall have deliberated upon the subject and authorized such a measure"

George Washington’s statement acknowledges the deliberate placement of the authority to declare war within the hands of Congress, emphasizing a cornerstone of the American system: the separation of powers. By stating that Congress alone holds the power to declare war, Washington underlines the intention of the founders to restrain the executive branch from unilaterally engaging in armed conflict. This power was not left to the president, despite the president’s role as commander-in-chief of the military, but was instead entrusted to the legislative body representing the will of the people and the states.

Washington notes that no "offensive expedition of importance" may proceed without the prior consent of Congress. The word "offensive" is significant; it distinguishes between necessary self-defense and initiatives that entail initiating hostilities, thus setting a higher threshold for military engagement. By demanding deliberation and authorization from Congress, the process avoids rash or impulsive decisions by a single individual or branch. This serves both as a check against tyranny and as a mechanism to ensure that the profound decision of waging war is given the gravity it deserves.

Further, Washington’s use of the phrase "deliberated upon the subject" speaks to the foundational principles of representative democracy and thoughtful governance. It calls for debate, consideration of consequences, consultation with the people's representatives, and accountability before such a significant step is taken. The constitutional design reflects deep suspicion of unchecked executive power, particularly in matters as grave as war, and a preference for collective national judgment.

This framework fosters national unity by providing legitimacy to military actions. When Congress, reflecting the voice of the people, authorizes an expedition, such measures carry the weight of lawful democratic backing. Washington’s perspective continues to be relevant in debates over war powers, serving as a reminder of the constitutional limits and the necessity of legislative oversight in safeguarding democracy and preventing unnecessary conflict.