"Be the responsibility on their heads who raise this novel and extraordinary question of reception, going to the unconstitutional abridgment, as I conceive, of the great right of petition inherent in the People of the United States"

This quote by Caleb Cushing is referring to the right of petition, which is the right of residents to make demands or demands to their government. Cushing is revealing his disapproval of the concept of limiting this right, which he thinks is unconstitutional. He is putting the obligation of raising this concern on those who proposed it, and is cautioning of the consequences of such an action. He is stressing the significance of the right of petition, which he thinks is a fundamental right of individuals of the United States. He is suggesting that any effort to limit this right would be a violation of the Constitution and should not be ignored. Cushing is making it clear that those who propose such a measure must be held accountable for their actions.