"Indeed, in view of its function, religion stands in greater need of a rational foundation of its ultimate principles than even the dogmas of science"

Muhammad Iqbal’s assertion emphasizes the necessity for religion to be grounded in rationality, perhaps even more so than science. Religion, for Iqbal, transcends mere belief in the unseen; it is a comprehensive worldview that shapes morality, meaning, and human purpose. Science, in contrast, concerns itself with observable phenomena, testable hypotheses, and rational inference from empirical evidence. While the scientific method is built on rationality, its domain is confined to the physical universe and tangible facts. Dogmas in science may stem from provisional theories or models, subject to revision as new evidence emerges. Their justification often lies in their predictive success or explanatory power, not in ultimate, immutable truths.

Religion, however, claims authority over ethical imperatives and existential questions, matters touching the very core of human existence. Its principles are not only expected to guide individual conduct but also to provide collective ideals, thus influencing societies and civilizations. Such sweeping influence, according to Iqbal, places a greater burden on religion to provide sound, rational justification for its ultimate principles. If religion becomes dogmatic without rational underpinning, it risks devolving into mere superstition, tradition, or irrational adherence, which undermines its transformative and cohesive social role.

Iqbal’s insight is, therefore, a call for a dynamic and thoughtful reevaluation of religious foundations. Rationality does not necessarily call for the abandonment of faith, but it demands coherence, consistency, and meaningful engagement with reason. Integrating rational thought into religious belief furthers the intellectual robustness of its teachings, equipping adherents to navigate the complexities of the modern world while remaining anchored in meaningful traditions. Ultimately, Iqbal envisions a faith that does not simply demand obedience but inspires reflection, understanding, and confidence in the ultimate principles that it espouses, thereby making religion a living, evolving force capable of enriching human civilization.