"History is a set of lies agreed upon"
About this Quote
History, in Napoleon's hands, isn’t a ledger of facts; it’s a battlefield of narratives. “History is a set of lies agreed upon” lands with the brutal clarity of a man who understood that power doesn’t just win wars, it edits the record. The line’s sting comes from its double posture: part confession, part warning. Napoleon is admitting what every regime practices and every conquered people suspects - that the “official” past is less discovered than negotiated, polished, and enforced.
The intent is strategic. He’s not casually dismissing truth; he’s naming the mechanism by which legitimacy is manufactured. “Agreed upon” is the key phrase: history becomes consensus, and consensus is rarely neutral. It’s built by institutions (courts, schools, newspapers), by winners with printing presses, by elites deciding which memories are respectable and which are treasonous. The “lies” aren’t always crude fabrications; they’re often omissions, flattering framings, and tidy story arcs that make messy events feel inevitable.
Context sharpens the cynicism. Napoleon rose out of revolution, ruled as an emperor, and invested heavily in image-making: propaganda, portraiture, staged ceremonies, curated bulletins from the front. He watched coalitions rewrite him as a liberator, then a tyrant, then a cautionary tale. Exile only heightened the point: stripped of command, he fought for the only territory left - interpretation.
The subtext is almost modern: memory is politics by other means. If history is an agreement, the fight isn’t just to be right; it’s to be repeated.
The intent is strategic. He’s not casually dismissing truth; he’s naming the mechanism by which legitimacy is manufactured. “Agreed upon” is the key phrase: history becomes consensus, and consensus is rarely neutral. It’s built by institutions (courts, schools, newspapers), by winners with printing presses, by elites deciding which memories are respectable and which are treasonous. The “lies” aren’t always crude fabrications; they’re often omissions, flattering framings, and tidy story arcs that make messy events feel inevitable.
Context sharpens the cynicism. Napoleon rose out of revolution, ruled as an emperor, and invested heavily in image-making: propaganda, portraiture, staged ceremonies, curated bulletins from the front. He watched coalitions rewrite him as a liberator, then a tyrant, then a cautionary tale. Exile only heightened the point: stripped of command, he fought for the only territory left - interpretation.
The subtext is almost modern: memory is politics by other means. If history is an agreement, the fight isn’t just to be right; it’s to be repeated.
Quote Details
| Topic | Truth |
|---|---|
| Source | Later attribution: Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (Napoleon Bonaparte) modern compilation
Evidence: uk isbn 0297865269 the history of a battle is not unlike the history of a ball Other candidates (1) History is a Set of Lies Agreed Upon - Writings about the... (Various, 2021) compilation25.0% ... I could use my eyes, but I have never known any bounds to my capacity for application." Lanfrey says he "had a ..... |
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